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Morgan Smith

Exercise Oncology

Updated: Oct 15

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and research of cancers. One of the most commonly known treatments for various cancers is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs are designed to attack rapidly dividing cells. Characteristically, cancer cells divide  and reproduce at rapid rates. However, some non-cancerous cells also reproduce quickly, such as the digestive tract, and bone marrow cells. This results in the possibility of these cells also being attacked. This results in the side effects associated during chemotherapy. These effects include fatigue, nausea/vomiting, increased risk of infection, and various others. 

Breast cancer specifically is the abnormal growth of cells lining the breast lobules or ducts. These cells grow uncontrollably and rapidly, and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. The average age of diagnosis for breast cancer is 62 years old. In 2024, it is estimated that 20, 973 people will be diagnosed with breast cancer, with it primarily presenting itself in women. In Australia, breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer. It is estimated that 1 in 8 females, and 1 in 667 males will be diagnosed by the time they are 85. Although there is no proven method for preventing breast cancer, the Cancer Council of Australia recommends lowering alcohol consumption and maintaining a healthy weight to reduce the risk of diagnosis.



Similar to exercise being used as a preventative measure for reducing the risk of cancer, it has also been proven to help improve one’s condition while undergoing chemotherapy. Studies suggest that implementing resistance training during chemotherapy can be beneficial to recovery. Training programs were found to result in significant improvements of vitality, physical function, emotional function, fatigue, and mental health. Additionally, physical capacity, or, maximal oxygen consumption and muscular strength was also significantly improved. 


Studies have found that aerobic exercise was superior to usual care interventions during chemo for improving self-esteem, aerobic fitness, and percent body fat. Similarly, resistance training when compared to normal interventions was superior for improving self-esteem, muscular strength, lean body mass, and chemotherapy completion rate. The exercise regime suggested in these studies consisted of eight different resistance based training exercises for major upper and lower body muscle groups. Patients performed 3 sets of 12 repetitions maximum. Rest time between sets was 1 minute. Over the study load was progressed, but only after completing the previous set and rep requirements for 3 consecutive sessions. 


It can then be inferred that exercise, or resistance training specifically, offers numerous benefits for patients undergoing chemotherapy. It can significantly improve strength and fitness, and also help manage treatment related fatigue. With studies suggesting that all  measures of fatigue were significantly reduced on days of exercise compared to non-exercise days. Muscle preservation and improved functional ability resulting from resistance training can help patients maintain their independence and quality of life during chemotherapy. Resistance training has also been linked to reducing anxiety and depression. Therefore, working together with a professional to develop a safe and effective individualised exercise program can help provide comprehensive care during treatment. 


Our BioX Assessment is designed to create a safe, tailored exercise program that meets your unique needs, helping you maintain muscle strength, functional ability, and overall quality of life.


Book your BioX Assessment today and let us support you in developing a personalised, effective fitness plan to enhance your well-being during chemotherapy.



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